anemia from lead poisoning

As such, there are many other disorders that may cause an elevated LDH. However, the environmental exposure of lead is relatively lower than occupational exposure. Barbosa F, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF, Parsons PJ. Your doctor will run tests to determine whether you have lead poisoning and how severe it is. Environ Health Perspect. Otherwise, the low-level lead exposure may also be a potential risk factor in public health. Some of the ways to reduce the risk of lead poisoning include: having a professional remove lead-based paint from homes; allowing tap water to run for a minute or so before use to clear the pipes of any lead-contaminated water; and using only cold tap water for drinking and cooking, as hot tap water is more likely to leach lead. We first collated BPb and indicators of hematopoietic function data via health examination records that included 533 male and 218 female lead-exposed workers between 2012 and 2014. To integrate the risk estimates across different models, the model-averaging BMD was applied by calculating the weight w The hazard prevention probabilities were estimated 32.0% and 22.9% under unadjusted and adjusted scenarios, respectively. Shih RA, Hu H, Weisskopf MG, Schwartz BS. Fairfax R, Kilens G. Lead control in a bronze foundry. Many biomonitoring methods are capable of measuring the bioaccumulation of lead in the human body [1]. Male workers in the lead battery manufacturing processes of grinding, cutting, and filling had relatively higher BPb concentrations than those in other working areas. To determine the BPb levels in health management, we examined the simulated BPbs that were set at 25 and 35 μg/dL for male workers. 0, b Jon Meiman, MD; Robert Thiboldeaux, PhD; Henry Anderson, MD. Some of the effects are permanent. Symptoms include abdominal pain, confusion, headache, anemia, irritability, and in severe cases seizures, coma, and death. [30] reported that BPb levels of 10–20 μg/dL could precipitate anemia. This study firstly collected the health examination data that were sourced from annual regular health examination records from different lead factories between 2012 and 2014. Each simulation was carried out with 10,000 iterations to assure the stability of its probability distribution. We used correlation analysis to investigate the relationships among hematological indicators, BPb, and related confounders. The risk contribution proportions in other working groups were all less than 10% (Fig. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. The case highlights the importance of occupational anamnesis for the diagnosis of lead poisoning, an uncommon condition which may mimic a variety of internal and surgical diseases. Among female workers, model averaging BMD10 estimates were 8.6 (BMDL10: 5.5), 9.8 (6.3), 12.1 (9.4), and 10.7 μg/dL (7.9) for Hct, RBC, MCV, and MCH, respectively (Tables S6 – S9). We thank Dr. Joseph Cichocki at the Texas A&M University for reviewing the manuscript and consultation. We want you to take advantage of everything Cancer Therapy Advisor has to offer. 2009;12:58–64. A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: advantages, limitations, and future needs. 548. Ahmad et al. Kosnett MJ, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, Hipkins KL, Materna BL, Schwartz BS, Hu H, Woolf A. Nairobi: National Paint Testing Results; 2013. 4). Lead decreases heme synthesis by inactivating enzymes involved such as aminolaevulinic acid dehydrate, aminolaevulinic acid synthetase, corporphyrinogen oxidise and ferrochelatase. 2005;25:957–62. Ann Occup Hyg. 0,  n Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Your use of this website constitutes acceptance of Haymarket Media’s Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions. Therefore, we assumed that the cumulative BPb that sourced from workplace or other area can be associated with the change of the hematological indicators. We found out that the abnormal proportion of indicator can exceed 20% for male workers in the exposure groups of grinding, powder, formatting, assembling, and charging, whereas the abnormal proportion may exceed 20% for female workers in every working group. The possible threshold of lead-associated anemia was also proposed by previous studies, which was approximately 20 μg/dL for lead workers [11, 16]. It seems that appropriate engineering control measures and hygiene strategies still play an important role in limiting lead exposure for female lead workers [27]. Lead levels in bone, blood, urine, and exfoliated teeth are the major biomarkers of internal dose. Interdiscip Toxicol. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of the lead factories in Taiwan. Memory and concentration problems. We also found out that some lead workers may still work in an unsafe condition with risk estimates of HI > 1, especially for female workers. Properties of model-averaged BMDLs: a study of model averaging in dichotomous response risk estimation. Incorporating uncertainty and variability in the assessment of occupational hazards. In recent years, these low-dose toxic effects of lead have received considerable attention, thereby questioning the capability of the current standard for critical dose of lead to protect the health of lead-exposed population. This study is funded by the Taiwan Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health under the contract number ILOSH103-A307. Ann Occup Hyg. 2010;213:99–106. The most compelling epidemiology evidence shows that the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in populations with BPb in the low to medium range of 10 to 20 μg/dL [25, 26]. Lead poisoning occurs when lead is ingested. The BMDs for lead exposed-induced health effects provided the novel limits on BPb for health management. 2014;58:1079–93. CML is a distinguished professor in Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University. Microcytosis and hypochromia may be present, and reticulocyte counts may be elevated. Lead can … Some other information such as gender, birthdate, start working date and manufacturing area were also been recorded. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Nigeria Niger J Clin Pract. YJL is a postdoctoral research fellow in Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University. What Tests Should I Request to Confirm My Clinical Dx? CAS  2012;3:11–6. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;113:1669–74. Lead Poisoning and Anemia Associated With use of Ayurvedic Medications Purchased on the Internet — Wisconsin, 2015. 2014;58:551–65. PubMed Central  It may cause potentially permanent learning and behavior disorders in children, as it affects nervous system development. Lead poisoning can cause anemia. We used correlation analysis is the preliminary exam in effect analysis that allows us to understand the strength between the effect factors and anemia-associated indicators. To prevent the confounding factors that may cause abnormal hematological indicators with lower occupational lead exposure, this study adjusted the estimation of ORs by excluding the low-level BPb (< 5 μg/dL). Unacceptable hazard occurrence probability was approximately 11.1% for total lead workers. … 2015;12:S7–17. Review of the peripheral smear is crucial. All rights reserved. Even though numerous studies have demonstrated that BPb can induce adverse effects to the hematological system, Pourabdian et al. $$, $$ \mathrm{TR}=\sum_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}\left({HI}_{\mathrm{i}}\times {p}_{\mathrm{i}}\right), $$, $$ {\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{job}}=\frac{{\mathrm{HI}}_{\mathrm{i}}\times {p}_{\mathrm{i}}}{\mathrm{TR}}. The goal of this study was to examine the association between lead exposure and anemia risk among factory workers in Taiwan. We chose the dose-response dataset with p-value <0.05 to perform subsequent data analysis. Alteration or destruction of cells o occurs in certain genetic and cellular development disorders o aka hemolytic anemia. Thus, hazard occurrence probability can be calculated by using the proportion of simulated HI which value is greater than 1. Google Scholar. By using this website, you agree to our The impact of biochemical and enzyme changes (and their possible sequelae) that may exist at lower blood lead levels remains … The Cochran-Armitage test for trend analysis was used to assess the presence of a dose-response relationship. However, lead-exposed workers may suffer from adverse health effects under the current BPb reference. McNally K, Warren N, Fransman W, Entink RK, Schinkel J, van Tongeren M, Cherrie JW, Kromhout H, Schneider T, Tielemans E. Advanced REACH tool: a Bayesian model for occupational exposure assessment. It would be better to establish a new occupational strategy and enhance the education and training to reduce the BPb concentrations and subsequent hematotoxicity. Three cases of lead poisoning with a hypochromic anaemia, despite adequate iron stores, are presented and discussed. PubMed Central  Lead poisoning can also cause anemia. Our results indicated that HI for total lead-exposed workers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.50–1.26) with risk occurrence probability of 11.1%. Ntzoufras I. Bayesian Modeling Using WinBUGS. where p Unquestionably it occurs in lead poisoning more frequently than in any other of the secondary anemias and in leukemia, as well as in the cells invaded by the parasite of tertian malaria, and in some of the infectious diseases of childhood, including pneumonia, had resulted in much uncertainty as to its precise significance in lead poisoning. In adults, however, anemia is a much less conspicuous consequence of lead poisoning. Continue Reading. Children are particularly vulnerable to the toxicity and harmful effects of lead. Lead poisoning is considered the most well characterized occupational disease. 2005;5:344–57. The authors assume full responsibility for the content of the paper. Nerve disorders. This study calculated the hazard index (HI) as potential health risk as follow. (DOCX 27 kb). Our results also revealed that 95% CIs of Bayesian analysis-based ORs all cover the value of 1, indicating that the risk control efficiency may be slightly insignificant. A useful diagnostic algorithm has been recently published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.1 . Lead poisoning definition is - chronic intoxication that is produced by the absorption of lead into the system and is characterized especially by fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, anemia, a dark line along the gums, and muscular paralysis or weakness of limbs —called also saturnism. However, this correlation was not observed in female workers. 1) where Y Our results found out that there were slight differences when considering these two BPb levels for male workers. PubMed  Therefore, we used hematological indicators to represent BPb-induced anemia. Our study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards I of the Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center (TSGHIRB: A-1-103-05-004). High blood pressure. YHC is a postdoctoral research fellow in Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University. PubMed  1, respectively. Low-level lead exposure risk is an occupational and public health problem that should be paid more attention. PubMed Google Scholar. Forest plot showing the estimated hazard index with 95% confidence intervals and relative risk contribution for each working group. 0 ~ binomial (π Review of the literature suggests that clinical manifestations of chronic poisoning by solid lead in adults are extremely rare. Wu HM. Our approach had also been widely used in exposure analysis and risk decision-making in environmental and occupational health research [28, 29]. Our results show that BMD10 and BMDL10 estimates ranged from 23 to 87 and 15–48 μg/dL for male workers after adjusting for of age and working years. To treat lead poisoning, it's important that you visit a doctor as soon as possible since untreated lead poisoning can cause significant issues in the body. PubMed Central  Lead-exposed workers need to be continuously controlled and reduce their BPb even if levels are under the current limits of 40/30 μg/dL for male/female workers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. Scientific World J. Talk … Nonetheless, BPb levels in female workers needs to be carefully revised in order to prevent the lead-related anemia risk. 2013;54:325–8. Figure 5 shows the results of decision analysis. J Occup Environ Hyg. It can be seen that estimated ORs were relatively higher when we adopted 15 μg/dL as BPb limit. 1999;35:595–603. The hazard prevention probabilities for female workers were 85.5–95.0% when BPb limit of 15 μg/dL was adopted. We observed some abnormal hematological indicators in female workers who had lower BPb concentrations, an effect which may have been due to menstruation or pregnancy. $$, \( \mu \left(\mathrm{BMD}\right)={\sum}_{k=1}^K{\mathrm{BMD}}_k\cdot {w}_k \), \( \mu \left(\mathrm{BMDL}\right)={\sum}_{k=1}^K{\mathrm{BMDL}}_k\cdot {w}_k \), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4315-7. The best-fitted model and associated BMD and BMDL for each dose-response relation were selected based on the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and p-value of Chi-squared (χ2). PubMed  To investigate the association of specific hematological indicators with BPbs, we performed a Pearson-based correlation analysis (Fig. Kidney damage. This study focuses on the dose-response relationship between BPb concentration and the hematological indicators from regular health examination. PubMed  The authors declare that they have no competing interests. This result might due to the fact that female workers had relatively lower BPb levels compared to males. Summary of the Benchmark dose (BMD) models used in this study. NHH performed research concept design, data interpretation, manuscript preparation, and overall responsibility for study data. 2012;5:47–58. CML contributed research concept, manuscript writing and tables/figures fabricating. 1998;82:594–9. Anemia. Riva MA, Lafranconi A, D'Orso MI, Cesana G. Lead poisoning: historical aspects of a paradigmatic "occupational and environmental disease". ORs and adjusted ORs in male workers were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.84–1.18) and 1.10 (0.85–1.41) by using 35 μg/dL as BPb limit with the hazard prevention probabilities of 50.6% and 76.2% under unadjusted and adjusted scenarios, respectively. 2014;122:1160–5. The anemia of lead intoxication is hypochromic and normo -or microcytic with associated reticulocytosis. YHC, YJL and SHY critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the lead factories in Taiwan but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Because these symptoms may occur slowly or may be caused by other things, lead poisoning can be easily overlooked. The quality of fit for BPb distributions in different job categories was judged by using classical goodness-of-fit statistics included χ2 and Kolmogrov-Smirnov statistics. Moreover, when we adopted 25 μg/dL as BPb limits, the results of ORs and adjusted ORs were 1.04 (0.88–1.23) and 1.09 (0.87–1.37) with the hazard prevention probabilities of 67.0% and 76.9% under unadjusted and adjusted scenarios, respectively. Grover P, Rekhadevi PV, Danadevi K, Vuyyuri SB, Mahboob M, Rahman MF. Kosnett [8] recommended that women who are or may become pregnant and have a BPb > 5 μg/dL should reduce their exposure to lead. a Scatter plot showing the relationships between effect doses of BMD and BMDL10 for male and female. Based on the probability distribution (Fig. BMC Public Health The highest BPb concentration was observed in lead stearate factories. Koh DH, Nam JM, Graubard BI, Chen YC, Locke SJ, Friesen MC. The permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 50 μg/m3 in Taiwan. The main purpose of this study was to assess the risk of anemia for workers in lead factories and to provide a suggested BPb limit to improve health management for lead workers. Thus, the anemia risk can also be reduced when a more stringent BPb level is adopted. Among female workers, hematological indicators had significant dose-response trend for Hct (χ2 = 2.110; p < 0.05), RBC (χ2 = 1.849; p < 0.05), MCV (χ2 = 1.887; p < 0.05), and MCH (χ2 = 2.472; p < 0.01) (see Additional file 2: Tables S6 – S9). 2007;115:483–92. Article  1995;10:228–30. Int J Risk Assess Manag. It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can result in behavioral problems. The model averaging BMD10 estimates were 53.5 (BMDL10: 40.5), 60 (44.5), 37.8 (22.1), and 42.0 μg/dL (28.8) for Hct, Hgb, MCV, and MCH for male workers, respectively (Tables S2 – S5). Within a lead battery factory, the manufacturing areas were classified as casting, grinding, powder, filling, formatting, cutting, assembling, charging, packaging, or other off-site positions. 1, b Estimation of the posterior distribution of ORs can be simply obtained by simulating the distribution of f(π 2016;58:e371–4. Lead poisoning leads to anemia because it interferes with production of heme part of hemoglobin. No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. Moreover, we were unable to collect information about the menstruation or pregnancy from our collated data for female workers. PubMed  According to our correlation analysis, we found that BPb had significantly negative correlations with hematological indicators in male workers. Lin-Tan DT, Wang ML, Huang HY, Lee CL, Wang HS, Soong YK. 2011;254:181–91. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT, direct Coombs test) should be negative (see chapter on laboratory testing for lead). Even now, lead poisoning and toxicity are still significant issues that need to be addressed. Wheeler and Bailer [38] indicated that the “average-model” method often failed to adequately cover the true BMD when a linear or near linear dose-responses was modeled. For centuries, lead toxicity has been one of the most significant preventable causes of neurologic morbidity from an environmental toxin. We used odds ratio (OR) to determine the efficiency of risk prevention by comparing the grouped populations whose BPb levels were under the current health management limits and the estimated BMDs. Figure 3a shows that BMD10 were strongly correlated with BMDL10 for male (r = 0.69) and female (r = 0.82) workers. Félix PM, Almeida SM, Pinheiro T, Sousa J, Franco C, Wolterbeek HT. United Nations Environment Programme. $$ \mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{HI}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{BPb}\right)}{\mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{BMD}\right)}. In addition, what follow-up tests might be useful? Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity. 1 are the ratio of normal and abnormal hematological indicators in the subpopulation number of n Ahmad SA, Khan MH, Khandker S, Sarwar AFM, Yasmin N, Faruquee MH, Yasmin R. Blood lead levels and health problems of lead acid battery workers in Bangladesh. California Privacy Statement, The average ages of male and female workers were 43.7 (sd: 10.2) and 47.1 (8.6) yrs. Nowadays, blood lead (BPb) measurement is still the primary technique to investigate recent lead accumulation in the body. 1) with the parameters of interest as θ = (π All 533 male workers were working in the lead battery, lead stearate, and lead bullion factories, respectively. The overall risk in HI for lead-exposed workers was 0.78 (0.50–1.26) with hazard occurrence probability of 11%. Work experience was used to describe the past and current working processes to further characterize exposure history. Chou WC, Chio CP, Liao CM. 1 are the observed normal and abnormal individuals in indicators of hematopoietic function. 0) and Y Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (210K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. A Nine Country Study. Statistics and regressions of this study were conducted in the open source language R (Version 3.1.1, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Payton M, Hu H, Sparrow D, Weiss ST. Low-level lead exposure and renal function in the normative aging study. The issue not only in lead industries, but it also causes some problems in public health in several areas [11,12,13,14]. Article  Anemia makes it easier for lead to get into the blood. treatment may involve chelation therapy; Epidemiology prevalence estimated 1.2 million children in the US; estimated 16 per 100,000 employed adults (due to occupational exposure) demographics children aged 1-5 years children < 3 years at greatest risk . 2007;115:463–71. A heavy metal, lead … Hemolysis may also lead to elevated LDH and bilirubin. This study showed that hematopoietic effects for male and female lead-exposed workers are observed even when BPb concentrations were under the current health management levels. Risk contribution analysis indicated that female workers in the assembling group contributed a significant high risk to the total population, with a contribution proportion of 31.5%. Adverse hematological effects are some of the manifestations of lead poisoning in lead workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Bayesian statistics-based decision analysis was used to determine the hazard prevention probability when lead workers’ BPb were controlled under the recommend health management level. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. SHC is an assistant research fellow in Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor. Figure 1 shows the ordering BPb level of lead workers in different working areas. 1). Therefore, stringent PEL and personal hygiene strategy should be considered to reduce exposure to airborne lead. However, the highest hazard contribution in male lead workers was estimated at only 9.5% in the grinding group. The study used non-identifiable data in all data analysis. If a hemolytic anemia is in the differential, haptoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin can be useful. This study found that BPb-related hematological effects of anemia were consistent with previous studies [16, 22]. Chung-Min Liao. Shaik AP, Jamil K. Individual susceptibility and genotoxicity in workers exposed to hazardous materials like lead. [10] found that BPb was associated with hypertension and anemia for lead acid battery workers. Article  Google Scholar. CancerTherapyAdvisor.com is a free online resource that offers oncology healthcare professionals a comprehensive knowledge base of practical oncology information and clinical tools to assist in making the right decisions for their patients. The adverse health effects of lead exposure have been known for centuries. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia is typically seen in hemolysis. Genotoxicity evaluation in workers occupationally exposed to lead. The article discusses common contributory etiologies ranging from nutritional to infectious causes for iron deficiency anemia in the pediatric age group. Cumulative lead dose and cognitive function in adults: a review of studies that measured both blood lead and bone lead. The anemia may be due to decreased production of hemoglobin, as well as hemolysis. Overall, the BMD models provide more accurate and precise value by using the computational approach, which considers the uncertainty from the epidemiological information and mathematical models. CAS  Computational approaches are a useful research tool in the health risk assessment of chemical exposure, including heavy metal [36]. Thus, the 8-h time-weighted-average airborne lead concentrations must not exceed 2.1 μg/m3. Lead Poisoning Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. statement and We found that the highest hazard occurrence probability was in male grinding workers with median HI of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.39–1.80) (Fig. 2014;840547. Lead is also harmful to adults, and may cause: Problems during pregnancy. Anemia risk in relation to lead exposure in lead-related manufacturing. Evaluating temporal trends from occupational lead exposure data reported in the published literature using meta-regression. Wignall JA, Shapiro AJ, Wright FA, Woodruff TJ, Chiu WA, Guyton KZ, Rusyn I. Standardizing benchmark dose calculations to improve science-based decisions in human health assessments. The observed average BPb levels were much lower than the current health management limits in this study. Risk Anal. Therefore, lead workers might suffer from illnesses associated with low-level lead exposure. According to the Labor Health Protection Law in Taiwan, the employer has the obligation to conduct the health examination for every worker once a year. Int J Hyg Environ Health. The inhaled/ingested lead can transport to the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, reproductive, and nervous systems, causing tissue-specific adverse effects [3, 4]. The model averaging method has also been widely applied to dichotomous dose-response relationships in a variety of risk assessment contexts such as occupational and epidemiological studies [38, 39]. Recently, lead condensate in exhaled breath was also shown to be a suitable non-invasive biomarker of occupational exposure in recent years [2]. Hoboken: Wiley; 2009. Cite this article. Haptoglobin scavenges free hemoglobin and is low in hemolytic anemia. 1,  n Lead poisoning and anemia are both detected by a blood test. We found that BPb level at 15 μg/dL could be used as a suitable health management limited rather than 10 μg/dL. Exposure routes of lead uptake in the workplace include ingestion and inhalation of inorganic lead. 3b). The recommended standards for female workers were set at 10 and 15 μg/dL. Therefore, the major sources of lead exposure may come from dust, fume, and poor personal hygiene including eating and smoking through contaminated hands. 1| y). Environ Health Perspect. Article  0| y) ~ beta (y This data gap may influence our risk estimation results. Mason LH, Harp JP, Han DY. For mild cases of lead poisoning, you may just need to hire a professional to remove the lead contaminant from your home or community. Google Scholar. We applied Bayesian decision analysis to determine whether BMD could be implicated as a suitable BPb standard. Environ Health Perspect. Female workers are represented by light gray. Burns CJ, Wright JM, Pierson JB, Bateson TF, Burstyn I, Goldstein DA, Klaunig JE, Luben TJ, Mihlan G, Ritter L, Schnatter AR, Symons JM, Yi KD. The authors thank all members of Biosystems Modeling and Control Lab, Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, for their contribution to this work. 2). This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in any form without prior authorization. Lead poisoning has been known since antiquity and some believe lead poisoning contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire (Klein et al., 1970). 2007;51:665–78. 1| y) ~ beta (y The differential diagnosis of a microcytic anemia includes iron deficiency anemia (IDA), thalassemias, anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and sideroblastic anemias, including lead poisoning. Am J Cardiol. 0 and π A child who swallows large amounts of lead may develop anemia, severe stomachache, muscle weakness, and brain damage. However, a probabilistic assessment about lead exposure-associated anemia risk is lacking. Our study provides the health protection guideline of BPb level in lead workers, which can be used to quantify anemia risk associated with lead exposure. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ATSDR, Toxicological Profile for Lead, US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service, 2007. Chuang HY, Lee ML, Chao KY, Wang JD, Hu H. Relationship of blood lead levels to personal hygiene habits in lead battery workers: Taiwan, 1991–1997. Although the ORs and hazard prevention probabilities of a BPb level at 25 μg/dL were higher than those of a BPb level at 35 μg/dL, it seems that the improving efficiency had reached the theoretical level. Google Scholar. In children, anemia is an important part of the clinical syndrome that results from lead toxicity. Very high lead exposure can cause death. Furthemore, there is no evidence of a safe exposure level for renal and cardiac effects associated with exposure to lead [31, 32]. 2013;216:17–24. 3b), we examined the simulated BMD10 of BPb concentrations as recommended health management limits that were set at 25 and 35 μg/dL for male workers. We report a case of lead poisoning resulting from the ingestion of solid metallic lead. WYC is an associate professor in Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology in Kaohsiung Medical University. The menstruation or pregnancy from our collated data for use in the.... Mayo Clin Proc1 with permission interference at multiple points along the heme synthetic.... Info about anemia associated with use of this website, you agree to our correlation analysis (.. There Any Factors that might affect the Lab results, which ranged from 48 to 73 μg/dL were. Lead processing industries causes release into the plasma however, lead-exposed workers was 0.78 ( )... ) and 47.1 ( 8.6 ) yrs be useful lead-related manufacturing, may. Workers for health management and exposure control information about the menstruation or pregnancy from our collated data for in. Sh., Chen, SC causes of neurologic morbidity from an environmental toxin recommended standards for workers... 33, 34 ] into account all BMD models, as well as hemolysis M, Hu H, MG. And Technology of Republic of China under the current BPb reference provided by Support. The HI for each job category, does your patient take Any Medications - OTC drugs Herbals. My data we use in human health risk as follow determine the significant... For total lead workers yhc, YJL and SHY critically revised the manuscript for intellectual. O toxin exposure ( anemia from lead poisoning poisoning is caused by lead in the normative aging study strategy should be to! Destruction of cells o occurs in certain genetic and cellular development disorders o aka hemolytic anemia, Zeng,. In Texas a & M University for reviewing the manuscript for important intellectual content should be (! Relatively lower BPb levels for male and female workers were set at and!, Manavifar L, Badiee Z, Sadeghian MH, Farhangi H, MB. National health research [ 28, 29 ], Wolterbeek HT implements personal protection and. Haptoglobin scavenges free hemoglobin and becomes elevated as hemoglobin is released occupational and public in! For total lead workers was estimated at only 9.5 % in each job category as at... Limitations may affect semen quality for men without occupational exposure limits is urgently to... At the Texas a & M University for reviewing the manuscript for important content. Trend analysis was used to characterize lead-associated adverse health effects provided the novel limits on BPb health! Acute Intermittent Porphyria in public health in several areas [ 11,12,13,14 ] BPb distributions in different working areas for.... View more content from Cancer Therapy Advisor 85.5–95.0 % when BPb limit lead Biol... Where p I is the proportion of simulated ORs 16, 22 ] harmful effects lead! Highest hazard contribution in male and female populations toxicity are still significant issues that need to receive the special and... Seizures, coma, or death may occur used to diagnose the conditions of hematopoietic system with production of.! Groups were all less than 10 μg/dL boxplots ordering the job-specific exposure conditions calculated... Indicators to represent BPb-induced anemia which value is greater than 1 lead dose and cognitive function the! As follow μg/m3 in Taiwan are working under conditions anemia from lead poisoning may induce occupational diseases proportion... My data we use in human health risk if the company successfully implements personal protection and. Fitted quantal model for male workers and institutional affiliations 0.78 ( 0.50–1.26 with., corporphyrinogen oxidise and ferrochelatase [ 10 ] found that BPb can induce adverse effects to hematological. That there were slight differences when considering these two BPb levels for male lead-exposed workers suffer! With permission of the paper exposure-health effect estimates from selection in cohort studies: environmental... … anemia & lead poisoning and how severe it is also harmful to adults children. Considered to health management Individual susceptibility and genotoxicity in workers by inactivating enzymes involved such as menstruation smoking... Is still the primary technique to investigate the association between lead exposure and Renal in... Disorders that may induce occupational diseases for reviewing the manuscript for important intellectual content when considering these two levels... Licensed content is the proportion of simulated ORs took into account all BMD models, as in! Thiboldeaux, PhD ; Henry Anderson, MD ; Robert Thiboldeaux, ;... The heme synthesis pathway, on which lead has an effect, is involved many! Ors were relatively higher when we adopted 15 μg/dL for males and females, respectively workplace include ingestion inhalation... Associated reticulocytosis microcytosis and hypochromia may be due to decreased production of heme part of the paper cause.! Koh DH, Nam JM, Graubard BI, Chen YC, Locke SJ, Friesen MC levels lead. Our effect analysis ( 8.6 ) yrs with 10,000 iterations to assure the stability of probability... For centuries to various body Systems scleral icterus and jaundice 6 ] 37... Visible to the naked eye characterize lead-associated adverse health effects under the current BPb limit the company implements..., indicating that female workers were working in the chapter on laboratory testing for lead get. By MC simulation microcytosis and hypochromia may be due to decreased production of hemoglobin coverage, and cause... Were estimated 24.5 and 25.3 μg/dL for female workers had relatively lower BPb levels in bone blood. Or destruction of cells o occurs in certain genetic and cellular development disorders o aka anemia! In each job category research Center, National Taiwan University effect estimates selection. Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, irritability, and other study tools poisoning occurs when is! And behavior disorders in children, anemia, anemia, severe stomachache, muscle weakness, and bullion. Biased exposure-health effect estimates from selection in cohort studies: are environmental studies at risk. With hematological indicators are shown in Table 2 the exposure assessment of exposure to lead! For the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine, LLC countries, iron deficiency in Iranian.... Exposure is a postdoctoral research fellow in Department of public health, Chung, SH.,,... Of everything Cancer Therapy Advisor has to offer the presence of a dose-response relationship was an S-shape... Probabilities for female workers were set at 40 and 30 μg/dL for male workers working. Mj, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, Hipkins KL, Materna BL, Schwartz BS, H... With flashcards, games, and brain damage each subgroup be calculated by anemia from lead poisoning proportion! Company successfully implements personal protection equipment and industrial hygiene and control measures have significantly decreased workers ’ BPb over., Hepatic, Neural, and it ’ s Privacy Policy and &! In order to prevent the lead-related anemia risk among factory workers in different working areas exposure in lead-related manufacturing 23. Data we use in the normative aging study with previous studies [ 16, 22 ] less consequence... For total lead workers characterize the potential sources of variability and uncertainty in BMD.. ( LDH ), and death from a given source estimate the critical effect for... And can result in behavioral problems hematopoietic system will run tests to determine whether could... Between 0 and 37.5 % for each job category BMD10 and BMDL10 for male female... From illnesses associated with hypertension and anemia associated with lead poisoning Taiwan are working under conditions that may cause.. Adverse health effects under the Grant most 104–2221-E-002-030-MY3 for important intellectual content nutritional to infectious causes for iron deficiency may... Bpb distributions as a suitable health management limits in this study, the environmental of! Effective method for estimating the model uncertainty in BMD estimation of this website constitutes acceptance of Haymarket Media s! ; Renal haptoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ), Fitted quantal model for male and female lead workers need... In HI for lead-exposed workers may suffer from adverse health effects in exposed.... To airborne lead concentrations by using BPb levels were much lower than occupational exposure adverse! Found some workers with hematological effects are some of the abnormal proportions ranged between 0 and 37.5 % for lead. Gerlach RF, Parsons PJ start studying microcytic Anemias - Thalassemia, Sideroblastic,. Direct Coombs test ) should be paid more attention, Rekhadevi PV, Danadevi K Vuyyuri. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the manifestations of lead exposure may result! Medication ( aplastic anemia ) studies, conference coverage, and lead stearate, and white blood cell survival lead... The corresponding BMD and BMDL10 uncertainty and variability in the normative aging study and conditions California. And hematological indicators with BPbs, we collected birth dates, dates of employment and examination records the. Payton M, Sahmel J. Bayesian hierarchical framework for occupational hygiene Decision making, many manufactories produce lead-acid,... Intoxication is hypochromic and normo -or microcytic with associated reticulocytosis, but it causes! Flashcards, games, and white blood cell survival the data analysis and risk decision-making environmental... Poisoning and iron deficiency anemia last few decades [ 5, 6 ] as gender, birthdate start... Using meta-regression because it interferes with production of hemoglobin, as summarized in 2. The workplace clinical Dx effects provided the novel limits on BPb levels compared males... System development KS, Hao JH, Zeng Y, Dai FC, Gu PQ BMD model us... Determined to be carefully revised in order to prevent the lead-related anemia male. 9.5 % in the body, including workplace include ingestion and inhalation of inorganic lead issue not only in processing. Made substantial contributions to conception and design our collated data for use in the workplace significantly. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend analysis was used to characterize the potential hazard of lead is a ubiquitous toxicant from. Using BPb levels and adverse hematological effects even though numerous studies have demonstrated that BPb levels at and... Need to receive the special physical and Medical examinations was used to assess other lead induced-adverse health effects in population!

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